Concerning the anatomy, physiology, pathology, and the circulation of the heart, since Hippocrates (460-377 BC) until William Harvey (1578-1657) practically nothing was known. At a later period the first person in the European tradition to propose a separate transit of the blood through the lungs (pulmonary circulation) was Italian theologian and physician, Michael Servetus (1511-1553). A much earlier than Servetus was Ibn al- Nafīs (c.1210-1280) a Syrian born Egyptian physician, who described the pulmonary circulation, but there is no evidence that Servetus knew his description. Matteo Realdo Colombo (1516-1559) Italian anatomist and surgeon outlined the pulmonary circulatory system solely on the basis of physiological reasoning. Andrea Cesalpino (1519-1603) another Italian physician affirmed that the heart was the origin of blood vessels, and perhaps he was one of the most important precursors of William Harvey. Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) outstanding Belgian anatomist and surgeon who is considered the father of anatomy who revolutionized the study of medicine with his detailed description of the anatomy of human body showed that the intraventricular partition is impermeable. Nevertheless, it was the English physician William Harvey (1578-1657) whose experiments actually proved for the first time that blood was pumped around the body in a closed system. For the proof of the circulation of the blood, he argued that the rapidity with which the veins refill and the sheer amount of blood passing through were the documentary evidence of its circulation. Eventually, Harvey brought the circulation of the blood into effect.
 

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