Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. This study investigates the role of HBV in liver disease severity among patients admitted to Jazan General Hospital, Saudi Arabia. Serum samples from 38 suspected HBV patients were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and liver function tests performed to assess the impact of HBV infection. This current study aimed to assess the impact of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection on liver biochemical markers. The result of liver function tests revealed significant differences between PCR-positive and negative patients. HBV-positive patients exhibited elevated AST and ALT levels, indicating hepatic injury, along with increased bilirubin levels, signaling impaired liver function. Unexpectedly, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was lower, while gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) was elevated, suggesting biliary dysfunction. Total protein was reduced, while albumin levels were elevated, possibly reflecting compensatory mechanisms. In conclusion, HBV infection leads to significant biochemical changes indicative of liver injury, with notable alterations in liver enzymes, bilirubin levels, and protein synthesis markers. These findings highlight the need for improved HBV screening and management in Jazan region.

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